Ca2+ mobilization-dependent reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen is due to influx of cytosolic glutathione

Abstract Background The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a cellular Ca2+ store and a site for oxidative protein folding, which is controlled by the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-disulfide (GSSG) redox pair.Although depletion of luminal Ca2+ from the ER provokes a rapid and reversible shift towards a more reducing poise in

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Biochar boosts tropical but not temperate crop yields

Applying biochar to soil is thought to have multiple benefits, from helping mitigate climate change [ 1 , 2 ], to managing waste [ puddles the platypus chocolate 3 ] to conserving soil [ 4 ].Biochar is also widely assumed to boost crop yield [ 5 , 6 ], but there is controversy regarding the extent and cause of any yield benefit [ 7 ].Here we use a

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